Analysis of Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay

Analysis of Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra The most influential writer in all of English literature, William Shakespeare was born in 1564 to a successful middle-class glove maker in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Shakespeare attended grammar school, but his formal education proceeded no further. In 1582 he married an older woman, Anne Hathaway, and had three children with her. Around 1590 he left his family behind and traveled to London to work as an actor and playwright. Public and critical acclaim quickly followed, and Shakespeare eventually became the most popular playwright in England and part-owner of the Globe Theater. His career bridged the reigns of Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603) and James I (ruled 1603–1625), and he was a†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare’s primary source for Antony and Cleopatra was the Life of Marcus Antonius contained in Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, which was translated into English by Sir Thomas North in 1579. North’s language was so rich that Shakespeare incorporated large, relatively unchanged excerpts of it into his text. The plot of the play also remains close to North’s history, although characters like Enobarbus and Cleopatra’s attendants are largely Shakespearean creations. The action of the story takes place roughly two years after the events of Shakespeare’s earlier play about the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar. At the beginning of that tragedy, Caesar has triumphed over his rival Pompey the Great, the father of young Pompey in Antony and Cleopatra, and aspires to kingship. Caesar is then assassinated by Cassius and Brutus, who hope to preserve the Roman Republic. Instead, Cassius and Brutus are defeated by Mark Antony and Octavius Caesar, Julius’s nephew, who then join Marcus Aemilius Lepidus to create a three-man government, or triumvirate, over the empire. Historically, the action of Antony and Cleopatra takes place over a ten-year span, whereas in the play the story is compressed to fit the needs of the stage. Antony is clearly much older than he was in Julius Caesar, and his political instinctsShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Antony and Cleopatra. Act V, Scene 2- Representation of Power and Death1070 Words   |  5 PagesCleopatra is one of the Shakespeare’s strongest and awe inspiring female characters. She is complex and decidedly inconstant, yet she is never less than her self: passionate, grand and over the top. By killing her self Cleopatra remains her truest, reserving all her greatness and mocking over Caesar’ triumph. Cleopatra is beyond neat categories and tidy synopses. Throughout the course of the play she dons many roles of hussy, enchantress, queen, tyrant, strew and mother. 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Many of his characters would fit into at least one of the â€Å"love-styles† presented by John Alan Lee. There are many different types of relationships and John Alan Lee aims to categorize them, or breaking them down into â€Å"different colors,† (Lee, 40). The love-styles can beRead MoreAll For Love: More Sentiment than Tragedy Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesa little space for poets imagination from running riot (unrest). In heroic plays, we often find unconvincing and improbable heroic action. In All for Love one event that is unbelievable is related to Antony won a lightning victory over Octavius troops, with a small number of Egyptian troops. Antony is not portrayed as his hero in a grand manner by Dryden. He is not portrayed as a man possessing superhuman bravery. It is true that Ventidi us pays a rich tribute to Antonys glory and valour belongRead MoreBetrayal and Loyalty in Shakespeares plays3231 Words   |  13 PagesAP English Literature Composition March 14, 2012 Betrayal and Loyalty in William Shakespeares Plays William Shakespeare is one of the most recognized playwrights in the history of man. People have analyzed every sentence of his works and have taken note of the various styles used in his writing. Ironically enough, little is known about Shakespeares personal life. It is assumed, however, that like other literary writers, Shakespeare relates occurrences in his life into his writing. The averageRead MoreThe Status And Perception Of Women928 Words   |  4 Pagesembrace the stage without reservations. An analysis of research texts and journal articles reveals and connects the way that a queen of ancient times and one of the English Renaissance controlled their image, were affected by societal views of women, and were ultimately depicted. Scholarship on Cleopatra and Queen Elizabeth I relays the idea that society and patriarchy led to their respective authorities and depictions. Mary Hamer, author of Signs of Cleopatra, a historical research text, investigatesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1616 Words   |  7 Pagesin their deception of gender. The final play to which we turn in our analysis of crossdressing and its resulting power relationships on the English stage is none other than Antony and Cleopatra. This play is particularly poignant because it once again calls into question the significance of setting to explore these issues. Rome, represented by Antony, is considered to be strong and masculine. Egypt, represented by Cleopatra, is soft and effeminate. Gender has become a key issue at the outsetRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pagesas the greatest writer in the English language. He was born on July 13 in 1564 and died in 1616. It was written to be a tragedy and was one of the seventh plays written off true events that happened in Roman time. Also includes Coriolanus, Antony, and Cleopatra. Drama of the play focuses on Brutus’ struggle between the conflicting demands of honor, patriotism, and friendship. Opens with â€Å"two tribunes discovering the commoners of Rome c elebrating Julius Caesar’s triumphant return from defeating theRead MoreAnalysis Of Shaw Prefaces 1570 Words   |  7 Pages(Stewart and S. Weintraub paragraph 11). In Caesar and Cleopatra (a possible play on William Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra), Shaw characterizes Cleopatra as mean-spirited and overindulged sixteen-year-old child, and Caesar as a philosophically deep, socially shallow and lonely soldier. Shaw uses the historical timeline as an outline for the story, but he doesn’t exactly stick to the historical facts at times. In Caesar and Cleopatra, Shaw describes the Druid people living in Ancient BritonRead More Shakespeares Hamlet - The Character of Ophelia Essay3341 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet: The Character of Ophelia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Concerning the Ophelia of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet, is she an innocent type or not? Is she a victim or not? This essay will explore these and other questions related to this character.    Rebecca West in â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption† viciously, and perhaps unfoundedly, attacks the virginity of Ophelia:    There is no more bizarre aspect of the misreading of Hamlet’s character than the assumption

Key Informant Interview At Craven Correctional Institution

Key Informant Interview In the previous section I described two personal traits that I possess and assessed how they would fit in a career as a senior case analyst. In this new section I will describe my interview with Thad Spiewak. I will explain what he believes are the two background experiences, two skill or abilities, and two personal characteristics that are required to get a job as a senior case analyst. I will then assess whether I match these. Informant My informant is Thad Spiewak, Senior Case Analyst at Craven Correctional Institution. I met Mr. Spiewak through Ms. Tammie Stocks, the Assistant Director of Programs for Craven Correctional Institution, when I toured the facility after expressing my interest in pursuing a career†¦show more content†¦In May of this year I will finish my bachelor’s degree and be able to fulfill this requirement. I do not have experience within the prison system; however, I am actively seeking a position to further my experience. I have applied for seve ral positions, including processing assistant, behavioral specialist, and case analyst. I recently learned that Craven County Correctional Institution has been converted to be only a processing center, so there will be an increased number of positions opening. Skills or Abilities I then asked Mr. Spiewak what skills or abilities he felt were necessary to hold a position like his. After contemplation, he said the most important skill is perception; by this he meant that when interviewing an inmate one must be able to understand not only what the individual is telling you but also what they are not telling you. One must be able to detect deceit and manipulation. One must learn to understand when something is not being said and how to extract that information. Mr. Spiewak notes that while most the inmates seem docile enough, you must learn when to see a threat; as a case analyst and senior case analyst, when you interview inmates you are alone in a room with the door closed for the en tirety of the interview. You always have to be aware of what the inmate is doing, saying, and thinking. To be a case analyst, one must understand people and

Business Level Strategies of Five Companies free essay sample

[emailprotected] Group (AG) is a pharmaceuticals service company specializes in arranging investment funds/investors and supports mergers for the pharmaceutical companies in USA South Asian countries. AG also helps pharmaceutical companies to export its products in Least Developed Countries (LDC) including finding local distributors and complete products registration process. 0AG has signed an agreement with one of the well-known Pharmacy Company in Bangladesh to export its products to the LDC countries and arranging investment funds for its proposed second manufacturing plant in Gazipur, Bangladesh. It is involved with local Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies to reap the benefit of low cost business environment in Bangladesh. AG is following this low cost strategy to search for new ways in reducing production cost, developing new products that can be manufactured more cheaply and marketing managers to find ways to lower the costs of attracting customers. Toyota Motor Corporation primarily conducts business in the automotive industry. Toyota also conducts business in the finance and other industries. Its business segments are automotive operations, financial services operations and all other perations. Its automotive operations include the design, manufacture, assembly and sale of passenger cars, recreational and sport utility vehicles, minivans and trucks and related parts and accessories. Toyota pursues a combined cost leadership and differentiation strategy that is economies of scopes are relevant. A dual focus on both cost leadership and differentiation is often required across the various segments of the value chain. Toyotas production system is reportedly the most efficient in the world. This efficiency gives Toyota a low cost strategy in the global car industry. At the ame time Toyota has differentiated its cars from those of rivals on the basis of superior design and quality. This superiority allows the company to charge a premium price for many of its popular models. Thus Toyota seems to be simultaneously pursuing both a low cost and a differentiated business level strategy, which is called stuck in the middle. Nestl © with headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestl © and is today the worlds biggest food and beverage company. We employ around 250,000 people and have factories or operations in almost every country in the world. The Companys strategies are guided y several fundamental principles. Nestl ©s existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is never sacrificed for short-term performance. o The Companys priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives. Nestl © Company has aimed to build a business based on sound human values and principles. Nestl © believes in making a long-term commitment to the health and well being of people in every country in the scope of their operations. At Nestl © Significant differentiation from traditional retail and less price transparency is followed. They follow this differentiation strategy to reduce the risk of complexity of supply chain and lower attractiveness for discounters. 0PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the worlds largest food and beverage companies. The companys principal businesses include:o Frito-Lay ks0 Pepsi-Cola beverageso Gatorade sports drinks0 Tropicana Juices0 Quaker snac Foods0Pepsi Co merged with the Quaker Oats Company, creating the worlds fifth- largest food and beverage company, with 1 5 brands each generating more than $1 illion in annual retail sales. PepsiCds success is the result of superior products, high standards of performance, distinctive competitive strategies and the high level of integrity of our people. Pepsi Co follows the differentiation strategy. Their ability to innovate is their competitive advantage. They look for opportunities to capitalize on the value of their brands by creating new products and varieties. By innovating to meet consumer needs and preferences, they fill consumption gaps and contribute to create both healthier and indulgent choices for consumers, and bringing more njoyment to their lives. Coca-Cola Company is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of nonalcoholic be verage concentrates and syrups in the world. Finished beverage products bearing our trademarks, sold in the United States since 1886, are now sold in more than 200 countries and include the leading soft drink products in most of these countries. The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola) manufactures, distributes and markets non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, including fountain syrups, in the world. It manufactures and sells non-alcoholic beverages, primarily carbonated oft drinks and a variety of non-carbonated beverages. It is operating in North America, Africa, East, South Asia and Pacific Rim, Europe, Latin America and North Asia, Eurasia and Middle East. Finished beverage products bearing its trademarks are sold in more than 200 countries worldwide. The coca cola company follows differentiation strategy. Coca cola spends enormous amounts of money in advertising to differentiate and create a unique image for their products. It provides different products to the customers and has been very much successful in gaining a leading position among the competitors.

Independence For Malaysia free essay sample

Independence for Malaysia Malaysia has come a long way since its independence and it was all because of our ancestors sacrifices. They had shed blood and tears Just to gain freedom from the colonist that had been colonizing our mother land non-stop. They had been violated mercilessly and unconditionally regarding their age or gender. Years and years they have been protecting themselves and our country from the evil doings of the colonist and also faced countless of difficulties during their fght. To name a few, ur Sultans lost their full power over their position as the ruler of Malaya, citizens have been exploited and forced to work under the colonist and the countrys economy was monopolized by the British. The British also implemented a new administrative system which was Malayan Union but the citizens of Tanah Malaya In addition, our country had been colonized by other country and also by the communists which were much more cruel and violent. We will write a custom essay sample on Independence For Malaysia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They bare the excruciating pain Just for the sake of the generation and for independence. On 31st August 1957 Tanah Melayu after years of battling against the colonist finally, gained the independence they have been craving and yearning for so long. Tunku Abdul Rahman proudly declared the independence day by shouting out Merdeka seven times at Merdeka Stadium and after that the public would chant after him. Independence means freedom or liberty and for Malaysians that word means a lot to us and will bring 1001 memories for the old folks that are still alive until today to tell the tale. Pain, anxious, scared and tired; they have felt all of those feelings ore than us today and it could be more. We only know and can only picture it in our head of how they fought and lived Just to survive each day and how scared to death they were during that time. Today, we can live happily and peacefully without feeling scared to go out of house Just to see the sun shine every morning. Not to mention, we now dont have to be worry about facing any threats from other country and are free from experiencing the horrifying and bloody war that our ancestors had faced before. Many years before most of us even born, people lived in poverty and were lways worry about their safety but as for us, the post-independence generation would only have to worry about food and money. That is why as Malaysians, we have to be thankful for the peace and prosperity of the nation because there are people out there who are still looking and searching for their own freedom. I still remember when my grandmother told me her story when the British colonized Tanah Malaya, tears fell from her soft cheek down to her chin. Indeed, the pain that she felt many years ago left a deep mark in her little heart which she could till feel it and remember it. She told me that life during that time was very hard and they do not have any amenities like us today for example computers, televisions and nand phone instead they nad a red soil road, radio and traditional games . She also told me that sometimes its hard for them to eat because she had many siblings about 18 all of them and the food supplies were not enough to feed all of them at one time. They would have to share the food which was very little each of them could eat. From that I have learnt that I have to appreciate the things that I have and use hem with full responsibility and as for food I should not waste it and eat at an amount that I will be able to finish it. That is because there are people out there who are not as lucky as me and who are still starving and would do anything Just to fill up their stomach. Her tears suddenly came out like waterfall when she started to talked about the incident of her neighbour was shot by the colonist. Blood splashed everywhere and it was horrid that she can picture the scene vividly. Other than that, I have also learnt that I have to be able to work together with ther people to achieve success. This is because; one of the reason why Malaysia could gain freedom was because the fellow citizens worked together even though they were from different races which were Malay, Chinese and Indian. If they had not worked together, independence could not be achieve and who knows if today Malaysia would exists or not. Unity among people is very important because we cannot do everything by ourselves because sometimes the work requires more than one people. In addition, by working together or Joining forces we are much more tronger and will not be easy to be put down compared to working alone. Now, Malaysia is one of the respected countries among other country and is growing rapidly which shows that it can stand on its own two feet without the help from outsiders. The history of Malaysia has its own effect on each of the citizen and from there Malaysia starts to bloom into a country that we have today. Malaysias Independence story taught me a lot in many aspects to be a better person and citizen and I should consider myself lucky to be one of its citizens.

Application for Dartmouth College MBA †Example Essay

Application for Dartmouth College MBA – Example Essay Free Online Research Papers Application for Dartmouth College MBA Example Essay 1.Discuss your career progression to date.Elaborating on your short-and long-term goals,how do you see your career progressing after receiving a Tuck MBA? In 20xx, I might be in the middle of wrestle with my brain in terms of purchasing conditions such as local buyer, price, and market in the xxx-trading firm. I might have to decide how the change in the market will happen and also how the decision-making procedure should vary. My short-term goal is to conduct the business as a trading manager who can analyze current situation of market, grasp the tendency of future, and make accurate decision as well as to maintain and develop the flow of efficient business with all the partners in East Asia including Korea. My long-term goal is to establish a professional trading company, introducing new selling technique based on a cutting-edge mechanism such as Internet Web Site. After graduation in 19xx, I was granted job offers from big 4 enterprises including xxx Group. Nevertheless, I entered the xxx, one of the leading companies in Korea in the field of international marketing. I was stationed at the export department in charge of xxx. During that time, the trading companies in Korea were in the middle of making research on availability of the so-called positioning technique. That is, it was related to the prediction of the market tendency of the cargo to sell and purchase in timely manner. Despite the mandatory period of time for about 3-4 years to become a person in charge of one item in the trade department, I have visited xxx, xxx in Japan in order to check the data after I had worked for three months. Thats because I was highly recognized for my outstanding ability to conduct the business for standardized price variable and controls over the exchange rate fluctuation in order to reach the rational conclusion in an objective manner when I made a decision on the international oil price fluctuation and announced the research on the case of position deal such as xxx and xxx, which are the materials of xxx. After all, it became to be a source of research in the company. Based on my outstanding job performance, I wa s officially appointed as a person in charge of exporting the xxx, xxx whose annual turnover came up to x million dollars on the average. As a result, we were placed at the top in terms of sales in Korea because the sales in xxx sector revealed the increase of xxx% in 19xx compared to that of last year. In addition, the net profit has been increased around xxx %, compared to that of last year after I took in charge of this sector. Therefore, I became the main source of jealousy from my seniors and fellow workers. In addition, on May in 19xx, we were awarded about x million dollars worth of Tender under my supervision, which xxx Authority under xxx Government started in the process as World bank loan was made, beating 17 companies such as xxx,xxx and Japanese companies. Therefore, I was selected as the employer of the year in the trade department by achieving net profit of about xxx $ by delivering pre-positioned cargo from domestic industries. Since the January of 19xx, I have been in charge of collecting and analyzing the data on the Asian xxx market for the most part for x years, moving into the department of international marketing, which was newly built in xxx. During that time, I was able to enhance the capability related to the decision- making procedure through data analysis and the establishment of follow-up measures. Meanwhile, I helped the executives, who were stuck on the concept of traditional decision-making procedures, face the changes in business environment more positively by serving up continuous analysis on the business policy of advanced companies such as xxx, xxx, which were world leading companies. Due to high recognition of my vigorous efforts, I was able to develop the negotiation skill and the global way of thinking by participating in the xxx Seminar held in xxx in April 19xx. In addition, I learned the role of a team member and a coordinator in the sense that we can create synergy effect that migh t go far beyond the ability of each member based on the teamwork. I strongly believe these experiences will be great basis for me to participate in the international trading company in the short term as well as manage one of the international trading firms in the long term. 2.What qualities will the 21st century demand of its business leaders?To what extent have you demonstrated these qualities through personal and professional interactions?How do you envision your Tuck experience preparing you to become such a leader? On December 7th in 19xx, I had serious conflicts with a general manager in our department as hard as I should consider the resignation as a last option when our xxx heading for the xxx with x million dollars worth of xxx was caught on the rock. Through this experience, I realized the important fact that the role of leader is basically the coordination of the group rather than the implementation for the purpose of obedience. In this case, I also experienced the fact that leadership is derived from the fairest judgment by collecting and analyzing information after the accurate evaluation of the situation. At that time, I had conflicts with my general manager in terms of the benefit in the future and the cost at the present. The net profit in a xxx trading was about xxx$ worth, whereas it required xxx$ worth of expense to pay for the repair in place of missing ship owner after declaring general average. In the situation in which there was more possibility for ship owner to declare bankr uptcy, I powerfully insisted on managing all business in the burden of our company because I judged that there was grand anxiety to lose long-term customers if we spent more time. General manager, however, avoided making a decision which could serve as major damage in his career. Therefore he was wasting lots of time by ignoring my opinion although I was in charge of the matter. As a consequence, we were able to deliver the xxx to the buyer in xxx after refilling the vessel under the instruction of the boss who recognized the seriousness of situation through the interview with me around 5 months later. Since then, however, Buyer in got our firm to disqualify in the same bid in 19xx, which produced serious conflicts as to who was to blame inside the firm. No matter what is big or small problem, we are always in the situation where to find out the solution, and meet a great turning point in life by what decision we make. I found the important lesson from this case in the sense that the decision was not performed by the same fixed standard in every situation. In addition, it required accurate judgment of situation, the rational assessment of ones own capability, and the bold determination for the purpose of more desirable decision-making procedure. It is clear that only those who possess the well-balanced capability both in academic and practical context along with accurate prospect for the future are likely to survive in the sharp whirlpool of future economy. Along with the necessity of lifelong education, the rapid change in the environmental factors in worldwide economy, as you might see in the IMF economic crisis in Korea at the end of 1997, expedites my desire for the pursuit of MBA program. Based on this decision, I chose Tuck School for the following reasons: First, the primary reason why I apply for Tuck Business School is the small-scale classrooms and small group interactions. I will be able to learn the process of reaching the conclusion with reference to the specific topic based on the close interpersonal relationship with classmates and faculty at your school. I am sure that it will serve as the basis for practical business in the future. My fellow students and I will be able to learn the importance of cooperation in supportive environment that the Tuck School will provide. Moreover, diverse ethnicity of my classmates will extend the perimeter of my perspective on the global society. Secondly, Tuck School will enable me to achieve a series of processes such as strategic pursuing, negotiation, finalizing business deals with the limited data in an efficient manner. In this context, I believe it will be great basis for the establishment and management of a trading company, which is my long-term aspiration. Besides, I am confident that case-base approach, team field project, and computer simulations that Tuck School provides will serve up highly efficient standards in terms of the solution to the problem in actual business practice. Third, the program of Tuck School will serve as a decisive role in the leadership development in terms of the role not only as a field manager in the short term, but also a leader in the establishment of a trading firm in the long term. I strongly believe that it is quite clearly based on every single achievement of graduates of the Tuck School in each company. I would like to share the idea with the classmates in terms of the limited data analysis, success and failure in the process of rational prospect for the future, prompt decision and the leadership in every single program at Tuck School. 3.What are your interests outside your job or school? There is a saying sound in body, sound in mind, which means both body and mind are equally important. We, however, tend to keep our distance from the handicapped, or make light of them, since most of us judge a person by his appearance. I didnt belong to the category of exception, either. But a little incident during my military service came to alter my point of view. In September 19xx, I had an opportunity to serve for 4 days in a rehabilitation center for the disabled called xxx, located in xxx, run by xxx. On the first day, all I did was to help in a construction site under construction and harvest vegetables in a farm field. On the second day, I cleaned bathrooms and living rooms where the disabled were staying and helped feed them. I felt very awkward, in particular, in feeding the handicapped suffering from cerebral paralysis or apoplexy because I have never met such people before. Sincerely speaking, I spent the whole day as if I had only to complete the mandatory service rather than serve from the bottom of my heart.At that night, however, the lecture left a deep impact on my life. xxx said that out of the people he had met, the disabled were the most good-natured people but they wouldnt easily open their mind, for we treat them in an exclusive manner. I did not realize that I had not shared enough what I had with others until I heard him saying that a bitter ordeal suddenly strikes everyone of us, only the time being different. Since then, I have volunteered to support xxx with certain amount of money on a monthly basis and organized xxx society at xxx, helping people in a financial difficulty every other week. I have learned from this lesson that since we live in a community, it is impossible not to associate with others and we should share what we have. The primary reason I will pursue my goal in MBA might be to accomplish a better performance. Furthermore , I am confident that it would be a good motive to make a better society by sharing what I have learned in MBA program. Research Papers on Application for Dartmouth College MBA EssayDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalTwilight of the UAWRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

What were the most important successes and failures in Catherine the Essay

What were the most important successes and failures in Catherine the Greats foreign policy - Essay Example Catherine II was one of these heroes. Born in 1729, she faced various challenges, which propelled to her, to pursue various aspirations. She got acknowledgment from her father due to her bright abilities such, as reading and being able to remember the ideas taught. As a qualification, she received formal education after, which she got married to the Grand Duke Peter of Holstein, an heir of Russian throne. This is because during the time women faced negativity to gain education with only few allowed. Catherine was successful in her foreign policies particularly the friendly relations with Prussia. (Madareaga 1998, pp. 44). It is in this regards that the paper attempts to analyze various achievements and failures Catherine demonstrated and experienced in the process of applying her foreign policy. Catherine the great reigned from 1762 to 1996 and during the period, her foreign policies made various changes to both Russia and other countries. Her reputation, which did not only make her earn the name, â€Å"enlightened despot† also made get the name of the, â€Å"great†.... This becomes one of Catherine’s most achievements in the application of foreign trade policies. Consequently, she was able to conduct two Turkish wars with the help of able diplomats and generals (Donnels 1997, pp. 79). This was a considerable considering her feminine nature as well as the economic depression the country faced by the time. Another foreign policy employed by Catherine was in Poland in conjunction with Austria and Prusia. During the time, of her ruling Poland lay midst of the three powers. The country suffered from many problems in the 18thcentury mainly connected to poor leadership. This is because they had an elected king rather than a hereditary king, which caused fractious nobility of the population. In addition, the country developed multinational and multi-confessional masses dividing the population into various groups that one could conquer easily. Settling on the weaknesses, Catherine employed her foreign policy teaming up with other stakeholders to cont rol a third of Poland’s population. She got this extraordinary achievement during the time by conquering Poland. Despite a constitution, arising which protected Poland as a state she did not relent dividing Poland out of existence in 1793 and 1791 (Madareaga 1998, pp. 24). When the Turks declared war on Russia, 25 September/6 October 1768, the Russian envoy refused to remove Russian troops from Poland and got locked in the Castle of the Seven Towers. Thus, Catherine’s policy in Poland led to a civil war that irritated was with Ottoman Turkey. Though Catherina articulated her surprise at the Turkish pronouncement of war, she was eager for soldierly glory against what she painstaking a feeble rival. In July

The Effectiveness of Aftercare Services for African American Families Article

The Effectiveness of Aftercare Services for African American Families in an Intensive Family Preservation Program - Article Example Family preservation programs in general tend to focus on prevention of unnecessary placements and future maltreatments. Hence this evaluation study has been an outcome based study program. The study was conducted after evaluation of previous programs in which it was found that treatment programs designed for neglected families have found very little success due to consistent lack of social support. And in particular African American children in particular form a majority in foster care and are less placed compared to their white counter parts. This study was designed to check the effectiveness of a Family Enhancement Program (FEP) established in 1994 that examined the rates of placements and neglect. 2. Identify the research design (e.g., secondary analysis, group design) and the specific sampling design used. Discuss the appropriateness of the design used with respect to internal and external validity. A longitudinal study design was used for the study in which families that were admitted to the FEP program were taken for observation. The reports and placements 1 year prior to the admission of the family up to 1 year following the termination of the final family admitted were considered for the family. As reports pertaining to 1 year before and 1 year after the study program was only considered the validity of study was appropriate. 3. Identify the key variables that were measured. How was each variable operationally defined, and how was each measured? Describe the data sources, data collection procedures, and instruments used. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement method used. The major variables that were considered and measured in the program were placements, neglect, aftercare and other variables. During the time period of the study the placements of children in foster care, family foster care, residential and assessment services and hospital placement were monitored. An episode was considered